使用Python进行并发编程

用Python抓取亚马逊云(AWS)的日志(CloudTrail)数据

posted @ 2015年4月19日 21:54 in 软件开发 , 1834 阅读
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如今是云的时代,许多公司都把自己的IT架构部署在基础架构云(IaaS)上。著名的IaaS提供商有亚马逊,微软(Azure),IBM等,国内也有诸如阿里云等。这里亚马逊毫无疑问是该市场的领军者。

AWS提供了非常多的服务,领先了竞争对手一大截。并且AWS提供非常丰富的API,其API基于Rest,所以很容易被不同的语言的平台来调用。

在如今的大数据时代,利用数据在做决策是大数据的核心价值,AWS提供了许多服务来获取其运行数据cloudtrail和cloudwatch是经常被用到的两个。CloudTrail是对AWS的所有API调用的日志,CloudWatch是监控AWS服务的性能数据。(新出的Config服务可用于监控AWS的资源变化)

今天我们来看看如何使用Python(Boto AWS的开源Python SDK)来自动配置ClouTrail的服务并获取日志内容。

我们先来看看CloudTrail的概念和相关的配置。

  • S3 Bucket

    在打开CloudTrail的服务时,需要指定一个相关的S3的Bucket,S3是亚马逊提供的存储服务,你可以把它当作一个基于云的文件系统。CloudTrail的API调用日志,会以压缩文件的形式,存储在你指定的Bucket里。

  • SNS

    SNS是亚马逊提供的通知服务,该服务使用的是订阅/发布(Subsrcibe/Publish)的模式。在创建CloudTrail的时候,可以关联一个SNS的Topic(可选),这样做的好处是当有API调用时,可以第一时间得到通知。可以使用不同的客户端来订阅SNS的通知,例如Email,Mobile的Notification Service,SQS等

  • SQS

    SQS是亚马逊提供的队列服务,在本文中,我们使用SQS订阅SNS的的内容,这样我们的Python程序就可以从SQS的队列中获取相应的通知。


配置CloudTrail

首先我们需要创建SNS,并指定相应的策略。代码如下:

import boto.sns
import json

key_id='yourawskeyid'
secret_key='yourawssecretkey'

region_name="eu-central-1"
trail_topic_name="topicABC"
sns_policy_sid="snspolicy0001"

sns_conn = boto.sns.connect_to_region(region_name,
                                         aws_access_key_id=key_id,
                                         aws_secret_access_key=secret_key)

sns_topic = sns_conn.create_topic(trail_topic_name)

# Get ARN of SNS topic
sns_arn = sns_topic['CreateTopicResponse']['CreateTopicResult']['TopicArn']

# Add related policy
attrs = sns_conn.get_topic_attributes(sns_arn)
policy = attrs['GetTopicAttributesResponse']['GetTopicAttributesResult']['Attributes']['Policy']
policy_obj = json.loads(policy)
statements = policy_obj['Statement']

default_statement = statements[0]
new_statement = default_statement.copy()
new_statement["Sid"] = sns_policy_sid
new_statement["Action"] = "SNS:Publish"
new_statement["Principal"] = {
        "AWS": [
          "arn:aws:iam::903692715234:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::035351147821:root", 
          "arn:aws:iam::859597730677:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::814480443879:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::216624486486:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::086441151436:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::388731089494:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::284668455005:root",
          "arn:aws:iam::113285607260:root"
        ]
      }
new_statement.pop("Condition", None)
statements.append(new_statement)
new_policy = json.dumps(policy_obj)
sns_conn.set_topic_attributes(sns_arn,"Policy",new_policy)

CloudTrail是和区域(Region)相关的,不同的Region有不同的CloudTrail服务,所以,在创建对应的SNS时,需要保证使用同一个Region。

这里要注意的是我们创建了新的policy来使得CloudTrail拥有向我们创建的SNS发布消息(Action=“SNS:Publish”)的权限。我们的做法是从缺省的策略中拷贝了一份,修改了相应的Action和Sid(随便取一个不重复的名字),Principal部分是一个缺省的account的列表,这里是硬编码,AWS有可能会修改该列表的值,但在当前环境下,该值是固定的。最后移除Condition的值。把新创建的Policy片段添加到原来的Policy中就好了。

然后我们需要创建一个SQS的队列,并订阅我们创建的SNS的Topic。这一步相对比较简单。

import boto.sqs

sqs_queue_name="sqs_queue"
sqs_conn = boto.sqs.connect_to_region(region_name,
                                         aws_access_key_id=key_id,
                                         aws_secret_access_key=secret_key)
sqs_queue = sqs_conn.create_queue(sqs_queue_name)
sns_conn.subscribe_sqs_queue(sns_arn, sqs_queue)

然后,我们需要创建一个S3的Bucket用来存储CloudTrail产生的日志文件。同样的,需要指定响应的策略以保证CloudTrail能够有权限写入对应的日志文件。

import boto

bucket_name="bucket000"
policy_sid="testpolicy000"
s3_conn = boto.connect_s3(aws_access_key_id=key_id,aws_secret_access_key=secret_key)
bucket = s3_conn.create_bucket(bucket_name)
bucket_policy = '''{
	"Version": "2012-10-17",
	"Statement": [
		{
			"Sid": "%Sid%GetPolicy",
			"Effect": "Allow",
			"Principal": {
				"AWS": [
					"arn:aws:iam::903692715234:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::035351147821:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::859597730677:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::814480443879:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::216624486486:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::086441151436:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::388731089494:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::284668455005:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::113285607260:root"
				]
			},
			"Action": "s3:GetBucketAcl",
			"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::%bucket_name%"
		},
		{
			"Sid": "%Sid%PutPolicy",
			"Effect": "Allow",
			"Principal": {
				"AWS": [
					"arn:aws:iam::903692715234:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::035351147821:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::859597730677:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::814480443879:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::216624486486:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::086441151436:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::388731089494:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::284668455005:root",
					"arn:aws:iam::113285607260:root"
				]
			},
			"Action": "s3:PutObject",
			"Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::%bucket_name%/*",
			"Condition": {
				"StringEquals": {
					"s3:x-amz-acl": "bucket-owner-full-control"
				}
			}
		}
	]
}'''
bucket_policy = bucket_policy.replace("%bucket_name%",bucket_name)
bucket_policy = bucket_policy.replace("%Sid%",policy_sid)
bucket.set_policy(bucket_policy)

这里我们使用一个缺省的Policy文件,替换掉响应的字段就好了。

最后,我们创建CloudTrail的服务:

import boto.cloudtrail

trail_name="Trailabc"
log_prefix="log"

cloudtrail_conn=boto.cloudtrail.connect_to_region(region_name,
                                         aws_access_key_id=key_id,
                                         aws_secret_access_key=secret_key)

##cloudtrail_conn.describe_trails()
cloudtrail_conn.create_trail(trail_name,bucket_name, s3_key_prefix=log_prefix,sns_topic_name=trail_topic_name)
cloudtrail_conn.start_logging(trail_name)

好了,现在CloudTrail已经配置好了,并且关联的SNS也被我们创建的SQS队列订阅,下面我们就可以抓取日志了

获取日志数据

每当有一个API调用,CloudTrail都会把响应的日志文件写入到S3我们创建的Bucket中,同时在我们在创建的SNS的topic中发布一条消息,因为我们使用SQS的队列订阅了该消息,所以我们可以通过读取SQS消息的方式来获得日志数据。

首先连接到SQS的队列,并从中读取消息

import boto.sqs

sqs_queue_name="sqs_queue"
sqs_conn = boto.sqs.connect_to_region(region_name,
                                         aws_access_key_id=key_id,
                                         aws_secret_access_key=secret_key)
                                         
sqs_queue = sqs_conn.get_queue(sqs_queue_name)
notifications = sqs_queue.get_messages()

然后我们从消息中获得响应的日志文件在S3中的地址,并利用该地址从S3中获得对应的日志文件

for notification in notifications:
    envelope = json.loads(notification.get_body())
    message = json.loads(envelope['Message'])
    bucket_name = message['s3Bucket']
    s3_bucket = s3_conn.get_bucket(bucket_name)
    for key in message['s3ObjectKey']:
        s3_file = s3_bucket.get_key(key)
        with io.BytesIO(s3_file.read()) as bfile:
            with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=bfile) as gz:
                logjson = json.loads(gz.read())

logjson就是对应的日记内容的JSON格式。这里有一个例子

{
    "Records": [{
        "eventVersion": "1.0",
        "userIdentity": {
            "type": "IAMUser",
            "principalId": "EX_PRINCIPAL_ID",
            "arn": "arn:aws:iam::123456789012:user/Alice",
            "accessKeyId": "EXAMPLE_KEY_ID",
            "accountId": "123456789012",
            "userName": "Alice"
        },
        "eventTime": "2014-03-06T21:22:54Z",
        "eventSource": "ec2.amazonaws.com",
        "eventName": "StartInstances",
        "awsRegion": "us-west-2",
        "sourceIPAddress": "205.251.233.176",
        "userAgent": "ec2-api-tools 1.6.12.2",
        "requestParameters": {
            "instancesSet": {
                 "items": [{
                      "instanceId": "i-ebeaf9e2"
                }]
            }
        },
        "responseElements": {
            "instancesSet": {
                "items": [{
                      "instanceId": "i-ebeaf9e2",
                      "currentState": {
                          "code": 0,
                          "name": "pending"
                      },
                      "previousState": {
                          "code": 80,
                          "name": "stopped"
                      }
                    }]
            }
        }
    },
    ... additional entries ...
	]
}

你可以使用以上代码来监控所有的cloudtrail的日志,拿到的JSON格式的日志可以放在你的数据库(Mongo不错)中,然后利用你的BI工具做分析。

注意你也可以不创建SNS和SQS,直接扫描bucket的内容,这样做的好处是配置更简单,缺点是实时性比较差,扫面Bucket需要额外的计算,并且需要在本地保存文件扫描的状态,code会更加复杂。

利用CloudTrail的日志,你可以做很多事情,比如看看有没有非法的登陆,各个服务的使用频率,总之,当你有了足够多的数据,你就可以从中发现足够的价值。



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